{"id":29936,"date":"2023-04-06T00:44:04","date_gmt":"2023-04-05T22:44:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/?page_id=29936"},"modified":"2024-07-03T19:23:10","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T17:23:10","slug":"le-saviez-vous","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/fr\/le-saviez-vous\/","title":{"rendered":"Le saviez-vous ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\u00a0\u00bbLe saviez-vous ?\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bb286225e0-da05-4438-ba32-58795f6d79d3&Prime; global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\u00a0\u00bbSur cette page, vous trouverez toutes les informations sur la Physique Quantique derri\u00e8re le jeu.\u00a0\u00bb subhead=\u00a0\u00bbQue voulez-vous savoir ?\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb title_level=\u00a0\u00bbh2&Prime; subhead_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb1.5em\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#F0F0F0&Prime; custom_button_one=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_one_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb button_one_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb custom_button_two=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_two_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb button_two_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb button_one_text_color_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bboff|desktop\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bbon|desktop\u00a0\u00bb button_one_text_color__hover=\u00a0\u00bb#121212&Prime; button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bbon|desktop\u00a0\u00bb button_two_text_color__hover=\u00a0\u00bb#121212&Prime;][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_flex_menu hop_menu_topic\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"hop_topic_notation_button\" onclick=\"showTopic('hop_topic_notation')\">Notation de Dirac<\/li>\n<li class=\"hop_topic_electron_button\" onclick=\"showTopic('hop_topic_electron')\">\u00c9lectrons et spin<\/li>\n<li class=\"hop_topic_entanglement_button\" onclick=\"showTopic('hop_topic_entanglement')\">Superposition<\/li>\n<li class=\"hop_topic_lattice_button\" onclick=\"showTopic('hop_topic_lattice')\">R\u00e9seau cristallin<\/li>\n<li class=\"hop_topic_electrode_button\" onclick=\"showTopic('hop_topic_electrode')\">\u00c9lectrode<\/li>\n<li class=\"hop_topic_hamiltonian_button\" onclick=\"showTopic('hop_topic_hamiltonian')\">\u00c9nergie &amp; Hamiltonien<\/li>\n<li class=\"hop_topic_movement_button\" onclick=\"showTopic('hop_topic_movement')\">Cartes de mouvement<\/li>\n<li class=\"hop_topic_effect_button\" onclick=\"showTopic('hop_topic_effect')\">Cartes d&rsquo;effet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\tdocument.body.classList.toggle('hop_topic_notation', true);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  function showTopic(className) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    event.preventDefault();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\t\tdocument.body.classList.toggle('hop_topic_notation', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\t\tdocument.body.classList.toggle('hop_topic_electron', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\t\tdocument.body.classList.toggle('hop_topic_entanglement', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    document.body.classList.toggle('hop_topic_lattice', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    document.body.classList.toggle('hop_topic_electrode', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    document.body.classList.toggle('hop_topic_hamiltonian', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    document.body.classList.toggle('hop_topic_movement', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    document.body.classList.toggle('hop_topic_effect', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    document.body.classList.toggle(className, true);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\t}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbnotation\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_notation_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>Notation de Dirac<\/h3>\n<p>Si tu te demandes ce que sont ces symboles |\u2191&gt; et |\u2193&gt; \u00e9parpill\u00e9s partout dans le jeu, ils font partie de la notation bra-ket. Consid\u00e8re-les comme un code abr\u00e9g\u00e9 pour d\u00e9crire un objet en utilisant ses attributs. Prenons une pomme : sa taille, sa couleur, son poids, sa saveur, et ainsi de suite, font tous partie de sa description. On peut utiliser la notation bra-ket pour exprimer ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;ordre:<br \/>|taille, couleur, poids, saveur, autres propri\u00e9t\u00e9s&#8230;&gt;<\/p>\n<p>Dans le monde quantique, nous utilisons cette notation pour d\u00e9crire l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de particules comme les \u00e9lectrons. Dans ce cas, nous l&rsquo;appelons un \u00e9tat quantique!<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Example_de_notation-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbExample_de_notation\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb70%\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbelectron\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_electron_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/electron-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbelectron\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb50%\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c9lectrons et spin<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9lectrons sont des particules infiniment petites pr\u00e9sentes autour du noyau d&rsquo;un atome, un peu comme des moustiques tourbillonnant autour d&rsquo;une lampe. Ils ont des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s comme la masse et la charge (tout comme tout ce que l&rsquo;on peut tenir ou toucher), ainsi qu&rsquo;une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 unique appel\u00e9e spin.<\/p>\n<p>Le spin est un nombre qui d\u00e9termine combien de directions une particule peut avoir. Le spin d&rsquo;un \u00e9lectron est de 1\/2, ce qui signifie qu&rsquo;il peut toujours \u00eatre trouv\u00e9 dans deux directions oppos\u00e9es que nous appelons haut et bas. Ce sont les \u00e9tat quantique |\u2191&gt; ou |\u2193&gt; .<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9lectrons font partie d&rsquo;une famille plus large de particules appel\u00e9es fermions, toutes soumises au principe d&rsquo;exclusion de Pauli. C&rsquo;est un peu comme dans une conf\u00e9rence: aucun deux participants (fermions) ne peut occuper le m\u00eame si\u00e8ge (\u00e9tat quantique) en m\u00eame temps.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbentanglement\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_entanglement_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>Superposition<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;orientation du spin n&rsquo;est pas fig\u00e9 &#8211; il peut changer de mani\u00e8re inattendue ! En m\u00e9canique quantique, les \u00e9lectrons peuvent \u00eatre superpos\u00e9s, un \u00e9tat o\u00f9 le spin n&rsquo;est pas d\u00e9finitivement vers le haut ou vers le bas, mais quelque part entre les deux. Mais une fois que nous le mesurons, la superposition s&rsquo;effondre, et nous trouvons que le spin est soit vers le haut, soit vers le bas, comme si l&rsquo;\u00e9lectron venait de prendre sa d\u00e9cision au dernier moment.<\/p>\n<p>Encore plus bizarre, deux \u00e9lectrons peuvent \u00eatre intriqu\u00e9s, ce qui signifie qu&rsquo;ils ont un \u00e9tat superpos\u00e9 combin\u00e9 : en mesurant un \u00e9lectron, l&rsquo;autre s&rsquo;effondre imm\u00e9diatement, peu importe la distance qui les s\u00e9pare !<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/entanglement-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbentanglement\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb50%\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bblattice\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_lattice_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/lattice-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bblattice\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb50%\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>R\u00e9seau cristallin<\/h3>\n<p>Les atomes dans un mat\u00e9riau peuvent \u00eatre organis\u00e9s en structures en grille appel\u00e9es r\u00e9seaux cristallins &#8211; comme des maisons sur une rue. Chaque site de la grille peut accueillir jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 deux \u00e9lectrons avec des spins diff\u00e9rents, un peu comme une maison de deux chambres. Le d\u00e9placement des \u00e9lectrons dans un r\u00e9seau peut ressembler \u00e0 une s\u00e9rie de sauts d&rsquo;un atome \u00e0 un autre, appel\u00e9e approximation des liaisons fortes.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbelectrode\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_electrode_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c9lectrode<\/h3>\n<p>Imagine que tu essaies de faire bouger des randonneurs (courant \u00e9lectrique) \u00e0 travers un sentier (un r\u00e9seau). Tu devrais diriger les gens depuis une extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 (la source) tout en t&rsquo;assurant qu&rsquo;ils peuvent sortir de l&rsquo;autre extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 (le drain). Dans notre jeu, nous avons uniquement des sources. Ainsi, les \u00e9lectrons circulent d&rsquo;une source \u00e0 une autre, ce qui provoque un court-circuit.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/electrode-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbelectrode\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb50%\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbhamiltonian\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_hamiltonian_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/hamiltonian-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbhamiltonian\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb module_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb max_height=\u00a0\u00bb300px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>La conservation de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie est un principe cl\u00e9 en physique quantique, ce qui signifie que l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie totale des \u00e9lectrons sur la grille (le plateau de jeu) ne peut pas changer lorsque les \u00e9lectrons se d\u00e9placent. Le Hamiltonien est comme une calculatrice d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie &#8211; il te dit combien d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie a une configuration d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons en fonction de deux facteurs : l&rsquo;orientation de leurs spins (champ magn\u00e9tique) et le nombre d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons partageant un site (interactions).<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbhamiltonian magnetic\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_hamiltonian_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px|||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Champ magn\u00e9tique<\/h4>\n<p>Sans champ magn\u00e9tique, le spin d&rsquo;un \u00e9lectron n&rsquo;affecte pas son \u00e9nergie. Mais lorsque tu ajoutes un champ magn\u00e9tique, tu obtiens une s\u00e9paration Zeeman, o\u00f9 une direction de spin devient plus \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique que l&rsquo;autre<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Interactions<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les \u00e9lectrons peuvent se repousser ou s&rsquo;attirer, modifiant ainsi leur \u00e9nergie totale.<br \/>Normalement,les \u00e9lectrons se repoussent, donc mettre deux \u00e9lectrons dans le m\u00eame site co\u00fbte plus d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie. Mais dans certains cas, les \u00e9lectrons peuvent s&rsquo;attirer, ce qui rend avantageux pour eux de s&rsquo;associer. Dans le jeu, cela signifie lib\u00e9rer de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie du plateau vers le joueur.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u00c9nergie total<br \/><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>La somme des deux termes donne l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie totale des \u00e9lectrons sur un site. En utilisant notre outil interactif, vous pouvez configurer chaque terme ind\u00e9pendamment et voir comment l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie de chaque configuration change.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbMagnetic toggle\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_flex_menu hop_toggle_magnetic\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"hop_magnetic_off_button\" onclick=\"showMagnetic('hop_magnetic_off')\">Sans champ magn\u00e9tique<\/li>\n<li class=\"hop_magnetic_on_button\" onclick=\"showMagnetic('hop_magnetic_on')\">Champ magn\u00e9tique actif<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbMagnetic toggle code\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\tdocument.body.classList.toggle('hop_magnetic_off', true);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  function showMagnetic(className) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    event.preventDefault();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->document.body.classList.toggle('hop_magnetic_off', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->document.body.classList.toggle('hop_magnetic_on', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->document.body.classList.toggle(className, true);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\t}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/magOFF_intATR.png\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbNo magnetic field \/ Attractive interactions\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbNo magnetic field \/ Attractive interactions\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbmagOFF_intATR\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_magnetic_based_display hop_magoff_intattr_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_height=\u00a0\u00bb320px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/magOFF_intOFF.png\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbNo magnetic field \/ No interactions\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbNo magnetic field \/ No interactions\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbmagOFF_intOFF\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_magnetic_based_display hop_magoff_intoff_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_height=\u00a0\u00bb320px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/magOFF_intREP.png\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbNo magnetic field \/ Repulsive interactions\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbNo magnetic field \/ Repulsive interactions\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbmagOFF_intREP\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_magnetic_based_display hop_magoff_intrep_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_height=\u00a0\u00bb320px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/magON_intATR.png\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbMagnetic field up \/ Attractive interactions\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbMagnetic field up \/ Attractive interactions\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbmagON_intATR\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_magnetic_based_display hop_magon_intattr_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_height=\u00a0\u00bb320px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/magON_intOFF.png\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbMagnetic field up \/ No interactions\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbMagnetic field up \/ No interactions\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbmagON_intOFF\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_magnetic_based_display hop_magon_intoff_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_height=\u00a0\u00bb320px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/magON_intREP.png\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbMagnetic field up \/ Repulsive interactions\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbMagnetic field up \/ Repulsive interactions\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbmagON_intREP\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_magnetic_based_display hop_magon_intrep_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_height=\u00a0\u00bb320px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbIntercations toogle\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_flex_menu hop_toggle_interaction\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"hop_interaction_off_button\" onclick=\"showInteraction('hop_interaction_off')\">Sans interactions<\/li>\n<li class=\"hop_interaction_attractive_button\" onclick=\"showInteraction('hop_interaction_attractive')\">Interaction attractive<\/li>\n<li class=\"hop_interaction_repulsive_button\" onclick=\"showInteraction('hop_interaction_repulsive')\">Interaction r\u00e9pulsive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbIntercations toggle code\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\tdocument.body.classList.toggle('hop_interaction_off', true);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  function showInteraction(className) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    event.preventDefault();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->document.body.classList.toggle('hop_interaction_off', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->document.body.classList.toggle('hop_interaction_attractive', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->document.body.classList.toggle('hop_interaction_repulsive', false);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->document.body.classList.toggle(className, true);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\t}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbmovement1&Prime; module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_movement_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>Cartes de mouvements<\/h3>\n<h4>D\u00e9placement<\/h4>\n<p>Imagine un \u00e9lectron se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant dans un mat\u00e9riau compos\u00e9 d&rsquo;atomes. Si le noyau d&rsquo;un atome attire trop fortement l&rsquo;\u00e9lectron, il ne glisse pas en douceur ; au lieu de cela, il saute d&rsquo;un atome \u00e0 un autre, un peu comme une grenouille sautant de n\u00e9nuphar en n\u00e9nuphar. Mais plus le n\u00e9nuphar est \u00e9loign\u00e9, plus il est difficile d&rsquo;y arriver.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>D\u00e9placement de paires<\/h4>\n<p>Maintenant, imagine deux \u00e9lectrons se retrouvant au m\u00eame endroit, m\u00eame s&rsquo;ils essaient naturellement de se tenir \u00e0 distance en raison de leurs charges. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne se produit dans certains mat\u00e9riaux uniques et aboutit \u00e0 un doublon. C&rsquo;est comme si ces deux \u00e9lectrons \u00e9taient des copains qui restent ensemble malgr\u00e9 la foule qui essaie de les s\u00e9parer.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/hopping_and_double_hopping-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbhopping_and_double_hopping\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb70%\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbmovement2&Prime; module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_movement_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/non_hopping_movement_cards-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbnon_hopping_movement_cards\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb70%\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Inversion de Spin<\/h4>\n<p>Le spin d&rsquo;un \u00e9lectron agit avec les champs \u00e9lectro-magn\u00e9tiques autour de lui de diff\u00e9rentes mani\u00e8res. Une de ces actions s&rsquo;appelle spin-orbite, elle permet aux \u00e9lectrons d&rsquo;\u00e9changer leur spin. C&rsquo;est un peu comme changer d&rsquo;\u00e9quipe en cours de saison !<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Effet Tunnel<\/h4>\n<p>Les particules quantiques ont une capacit\u00e9 magique &#8211; elles peuvent appara\u00eetre n&rsquo;importe o\u00f9 dans l&rsquo;univers ! C&rsquo;est parce que leur position n&rsquo;est pas rigoureusement fix\u00e9e. Ce tour leur permet de se faufiler \u00e0 travers des zones auxquelles ils ne sont pas cens\u00e9s avoir acc\u00e8s, comme un fant\u00f4me marchant \u00e0 travers les murs. Les chances que cela se produise d\u00e9pendent de la taille de la zone interdite. Plus la zone est grande, moins c&rsquo;est probable !<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Pendule de Newton Quantique<\/h4>\n<p>Comme le pendule de Newton sur ton bureau avec des balles en acier qui oscillent, les particules quantiques peuvent parfois transf\u00e9rer leur \u00e9nergie et leur momentum lors de collisions, rebondissant sans perdre d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbeffect L\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_effect_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/effect1-2.png\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbeffect1&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbionisation\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Ionisation<\/h4>\n<p>Chaque \u00e9lectron dans un atome a une r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 il passe la plupart de son temps, appel\u00e9e orbitale. Lorsqu&rsquo;un \u00e9lectron absorbe de la lumi\u00e8re, il peut changer d&rsquo;orbitale. Mais si la lumi\u00e8re est trop \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, l&rsquo;\u00e9lectron est \u00e9jet\u00e9 de l&rsquo;atome !<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbmobility\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Seuil de mobilit\u00e9<\/h4>\n<p>Parfois, s&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;ont pas assez d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, les \u00e9lectrons peuvent rester bloqu\u00e9s. Pour les remettre en mouvement, nous devons leur donner un petit peu d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie. Ce d\u00e9blocage est appel\u00e9 un seuil de mobilit\u00e9, similaire \u00e0 pousser une voiture en panne pour la remettre en marche.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbeffect R\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_effect_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbResistance\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>R\u00e9sistance<\/h4>\n<p>La r\u00e9sistance est la raison pour laquelle les filaments des anciennes lampes brillent quand tu les allumes. L&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (un flux d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons) heurte des choses dans le filament de la lampe, et chaque collision transforme une partie de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique en chaleur, faisant briller le filament.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbSource\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h4>Source de chaleur<\/h4>\n<p>Les \u00e9lectrons peuvent absorber de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont en contact avec un corps chaud, le refroidissant ainsi. Si le corps est si grand que le changement de temp\u00e9rature est n\u00e9gligeable, on l&rsquo;appelle une source de chaleur.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/effect2.png\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbeffect2&Prime; align=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbeffect L\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_effect_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/effect7.png\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbeffect7&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbtunnel\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Effet Tunnel<\/h4>\n<p>Les particules quantiques ont une capacit\u00e9 magique &#8211; elles peuvent appara\u00eetre n&rsquo;importe o\u00f9 dans l&rsquo;univers ! C&rsquo;est parce que leur position n&rsquo;est pas rigoureusement fix\u00e9e. Ce tour leur permet de se faufiler \u00e0 travers des zones auxquelles ils ne sont pas cens\u00e9s avoir acc\u00e8s, comme un fant\u00f4me marchant \u00e0 travers les murs. Les chances que cela se produise d\u00e9pendent de la taille de la zone interdite. Plus la zone est grande, moins c&rsquo;est probable !<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bblong\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h4>D\u00e9placement \u00e0 longue distance<\/h4>\n<p>Imaginez une petite grenouille calculant toutes les possibilit\u00e9s de saut. Il est fort probable qu&rsquo;elle atteigne le n\u00e9nuphar le plus proche, mais les chances d&rsquo;atteindre la cible suivante ne sont jamais nulles. Les \u00e9lectrons peuvent parfois aussi sauter vers des atomes \u00e9loign\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbeffect R\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_effect_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImpuret\u00e9s et lacunes\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Impuret\u00e9s et lacunes<\/h4>\n<p>Les atomes dans un mat\u00e9riau s&rsquo;organisent comme des pommes soigneusement dispos\u00e9es sur une \u00e9tag\u00e8re de supermarch\u00e9. Mais parfois, il y a un espace o\u00f9 un atome manque (lacune) ou un atome en plus se faufile entre eu (impuret\u00e9).<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbpenning\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h4>Pi\u00e8ge de Penning<\/h4>\n<p>Tout comme la t\u00eate d&rsquo;un jouet bobblehead est maintenue en place par un ressort, les \u00e9lectrons peuvent \u00eatre pi\u00e9g\u00e9s par l&rsquo;\u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tisme. Dans un pi\u00e8ge de Penning, lorsqu&rsquo;un \u00e9lectron tente de s&rsquo;\u00e9chapper, il rencontre un champ \u00e9lectrique qui le repousse \u00e0 sa place.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/effect5.png\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbeffect5&Prime; align=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbeffect L\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_effect_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/effect4.png\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbeffect4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbcavity\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Cavit\u00e9 micro-ondes<\/h4>\n<p>Comme les \u00e9lectrons sont des particules charg\u00e9es, ils se d\u00e9placent dans la direction du champ \u00e9lectrique. Dans une cavit\u00e9, le champ \u00e9lectrique est align\u00e9 pour expulser tous les \u00e9lectrons entrants comme des boulets de canon !<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbVortex\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Vortex quantiques<\/h4>\n<p>En supraconductivit\u00e9, les \u00e9lectrons deviennent des super-h\u00e9ros de la mati\u00e8re, pr\u00e9servant leur \u00e9nergie lors des d\u00e9placements. Lorsqu&rsquo;un champ magn\u00e9tique traverse un mat\u00e9riau supraconducteur, les \u00e9lectrons forment des tourbillons autour de certains points, \u00e9voquant les feuilles tourbillonnant autour du centre d&rsquo;une tornade.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbeffect R\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_effect_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbDiffusion\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Diffusion<\/h4>\n<p>Lorsque les \u00e9lectrons se d\u00e9placent, ils heurtent souvent d&rsquo;autres \u00e9lectrons ou atomes. Cela les ralentit et les disperse davantage, comme une foule se dispersant \u00e0 la fin d&rsquo;un concert. Cet effet, appel\u00e9 diffusion, explique pourquoi les \u00e9lectrons ne vont pas toujours directement de A \u00e0 B.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbEntanglement\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Superposition<\/h4>\n<p>Consultez la section d\u00e9di\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/effect3.png\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbeffect3&Prime; align=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbeffect L\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbhop_topic_based_display hop_topic_effect_display\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/effect6.png\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbeffect6&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbcavity\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h4>\u00c9nergie du point z\u00e9ro<\/h4>\n<p>Il n&rsquo;est pas possible de retirer compl\u00e8tement l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me quantique. M\u00eame si vous refroidissez le syst\u00e8me jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 son minimum absolu, il conservera toujours son \u00e9nergie de point z\u00e9ro finie (souvent sous forme de vibrations).<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbVortex\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h4>Court-circuit<\/h4>\n<p>Les \u00e9lectrons voyagent toujours par le chemin de moindre r\u00e9sistance. Si nous connectons accidentellement deux \u00e9lectrodes sans aucune r\u00e9sistance entre elles, tous les \u00e9lectrons y passeront, chauffant le syst\u00e8me et provoquant un court-circuit direct.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Notation de Dirac \u00c9lectrons et spin Superposition R\u00e9seau cristallin \u00c9lectrode \u00c9nergie &amp; Hamiltonien Cartes de mouvement Cartes d&rsquo;effet Notation de Dirac Si tu te demandes ce que sont ces symboles |\u2191&gt; et |\u2193&gt; \u00e9parpill\u00e9s partout dans le jeu, ils font partie de la notation bra-ket. Consid\u00e8re-les comme un code abr\u00e9g\u00e9 pour d\u00e9crire un objet en [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29936","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29936"}],"version-history":[{"count":69,"href":"https:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30870,"href":"https:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29936\/revisions\/30870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hopquantumgame.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}